Many people know that solar chargers are a good alternative to non-renewable energy sources, but not everyone knows just how easy they are to build. The purpose of this report is to explain important information about different kinds of solar battery chargers, including how to build your own.
In the simplest terms, a battery charger may be nothing more than a power supply that sends electricity of a specific voltage to a battery. All you have to do is connect the battery to the power supply, wait for it to fully charge, and then take it out. A 12 volt battery may be recharged in a 15-18 volt power supply. The price of this systems simplicity, though, is that its easy to overcharge the battery.
When overcharged, a batterys life is likely to decrease. Overcharging a 12 volt battery too often can damage it to the point that it will no longer maintain a charge. The method for ensuring that the right voltage is used and that the battery is not overcharged is to use a charge controller. A charge controller is equally necessary when youre using a 12 volt solar charger, as it allows you to let a battery charge throughout the day without the possibility of overcharging.
The most widely used kind of charge controller for 12 volt batteries is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) charge controller. With a PWM charge controller, a switch is turned on and off repeatedly in relation to the flow of the electricity. Initially, the switch stays on more. As electricity is moved to the battery, the switch spends more time activated than deactivated, and once the battery is fully charged, it no longer flips back on. The charging process is overseen by a microprocessor chip. Thus, you can leave this type of charge controller plugged into a battery indefinitely, since it will only transfer electricity to the battery when necessary, without the risk of overcharging. Topping up a battery in this way is known as trickle charging, and it will allow you to make sure that a battery is fully charged for whenever you happen to need it. If youre using a 12 volt solar charger, its handy to have this feature. 12 volt batteries for recreational vehicles and boats are often charged in this way, for example.
These are the basic components that make up a 12 volt solar charger. What differentiates a 12 volt solar charger from a standard battery charger is the power source. Solar battery chargers collect power through the use of a solar panel rather than from a wall outlet. If you want to save money, building a DIY solar panel to use in a 12 volt solar charger is a great way to go. Read more at DIY Solar Panel.
For the common solar panels used on homes, the solar cells are usually around half a volt and three to four amps. Several of these cells have to be connected in order to produce the 15-18 volts necessary for a 12 volt battery charger. Its possible to find small solar panels in quite a few different voltages. You do have to match the voltage of the solar panel to your charge controller. On each charge controller, youll see a voltage rating, which indicates the correct voltage. A solar panel of 15-18 volts is usually a fairly safe bet if you cant use a charge controller for whatever reason. However, if you are using a charge controller, its important to use the appropriate voltage. You can build your own 12 volt solar charger with the help of GreenDIYEnergy. To read my article about it, visit GreenDIYEnergy Review.
Depending on the controller, the method for wiring it to the solar panel can be different. Whatever type of connector is used on your charge controller, just solder one onto the solar panel. If youre not using a charge controller, you can do so with the same type of connector thats on the battery. Spring loaded clamps are a good choice with most larger 12 volt batteries. You do have the choice of applying electrical tape instead of soldering, but soldering is a longer-lasting solution, and, in this case, its a very quick procedure. A soldering iron and solder, which you can find at lots of places including Radio Shack, are all youll need to do this. First, twist the wires together. Then, apply the soldering iron to the wires. Finally, touch the solder to the wires until it melts. There are only a couple of things to be careful of: dont burn yourself on the wires, and make sure to heat the wires directly with the soldering iron, and not the solder itself. Homemade Energy is another great guide to building your own 12 volt solar charger. If youre interested, check out Homemade Energy Review.
Its really that simple! If you can do that, you can put together a 12 volt solar charger without any problems. First, youll have to have a 12 volt battery. A charge controller with the corresponding voltage is also necessary. Buy or build a solar panel that outputs the correct voltage for the charge controller. Then, you just need to connect the solar panel to the charge controller, then connect the charge controller to the battery as explained. Thats it; now, youve got free power forever! Whats more, you get some serious residual benefits: you save money, because you dont have to pay for the electricity you need to charge the battery; you reduce emissions, as electricity generated by solar panels doesnt pollute like electricity from oil or coal-fired plants does; and you help the country by reducing dependence on foreign oil.